Umwanditsi: Tosha Orr; Abacitse ku icumu bunganira-Amatsinda
Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana rishobora kubaho muburyo bwinshi. Birashobora kuba kumubiri, guhuza ibitsina, amarangamutima no kutitaweho. Harimo kandi kuba mu rugo aho usanga ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo kuko ingaruka zo kubona ihohoterwa rikorerwa umurezi wibanze w’umwana ryangiza cyane. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana benshi rikorwa nabagize umuryango ninshuti zumuryango, ntabwo ari abanyamahanga.
Twaba tubizi cyangwa tutabizi, benshi muritwe tuzi umuntu mubuzima bwacu wagize ingaruka ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ribaho mu miryango no ku bana mu bwoko bwose, ubwoko, idini, ubwoko, imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ndetse n'urwego rw'uburezi. Muri kamere yayo, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana riraceceka kandi ryihishe. Ibimenyetso birashobora kubura, kwirengagizwa cyangwa kugabanywa. Abakoze icyaha ni beza cyane mu kwemeza abantu ko ari abantu beza, bita ku bantu. Ariko, hariho amabendera atukura twese dushobora kumenya kandi tukitondera imikoranire yacu nabana nimiryango.
Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byihungabana mubana ningimbi:
- Gutandukana gutandukana cyangwa gutsimbarara hamwe nuwitaho mbere
- Kwisubiraho mubyiciro byambere byiterambere byiterambere (ibiganiro byabana / kuryama / impanuka zo mu musarani)
- Ongera ukore ibintu bibabaje (mukina, gushushanya, nibindi)
- Kongera ibibazo byumubiri (kubabara umutwe, kubabara igifu)
- Umwuka utunguranye (umujinya, ubwoba, umutekano muke cyangwa kwikuramo)
- Inzozi mbi cyangwa ibibazo byo gusinzira
- Impinduka mu ngeso yo kurya (yanze kurya, gutakaza cyane cyangwa kongera ubushake bwo kurya)
- Hyperarousal (gutungurwa byoroshye cyangwa kuruhande igihe cyose)
- Kongera imyitwarire yo gufata ibyago mubyangavu
- Erekana imyitwarire yimibonano mpuzabitsina ikuze
- Kureka “ibimenyetso” hirya no hino bizatera ikiganiro kubibazo byimibonano mpuzabitsina
- Kudashaka gukuramo imyenda cyangwa gutungurwa cyangwa guterwa isoni numubiri wabo
- Ongera uhure nibyabaye (guhungabanya kwibuka kumunsi)
- Irinde (kwirinda gitunguranye abantu bamwe, ibintu cyangwa ibintu)
- Gucecekesha amarangamutima (bigaragara ko "wagenzuwe" cyangwa udahari mubitekerezo)
- Impinduka mubikorwa byamasomo
- Kwiyongera kwimyitwarire yo kwiyangiza mubyangavu (gusukura, gukata)
Hariho kandi amabendera atukura cyangwa ibimenyetso mumikoranire hagati yababikoze nabana dushobora kubimenya.
Witondere cyane niba umuntu mukuru:
- Ntabwo yubaha imipaka cyangwa ngo afate "oya" kugirango abone igisubizo
- Yishora mubutumire butatumiwe cyangwa udashaka
- Gerageza kuba inshuti yumwana aho kuzuza uruhare rukuze mubuzima bwumwana
- Ganira nabana kubibazo byabo cyangwa imibanire yabo
- Fata umwanya munini hamwe numwana wawe cyangwa undi mwana uzi
- Ntabwo bisa nkaho bifitanye isano yimyaka
- Kumarana umwanya wenyine nabana hanze yuruhare rwabo mubuzima bwumwana cyangwa ugatanga urwitwazo rwo kuba wenyine numwana
- Kugaragaza ubushake budasanzwe mu mikurire yumwana, nko gutanga ibisobanuro kubiranga igitsina cyangwa guhuza ibitsina bisanzwe
- Guha umwana impano nta mwanya cyangwa impamvu
Niba ukeka ko umwana yahohotewe cyangwa niba umwana aguhishuriye ihohoterwa, ni ngombwa kubona aho wiherereye. Icara iruhande rwumwana cyangwa ugabanuke kurwego rwamaso. Komeza gutuza. Niba ugaragaje impungenge kuruta umwana ashobora gusubira mubyavuzwe, cyangwa guhagarika gusangira nawe amakuru arambuye. Ni ngombwa ko wemera umwana ukabibwira umwana. Bwira umwana ko ihohoterwa atari amakosa yabo kandi ko nta kibazo bafite. Reka umwana akoreshe amagambo ye kandi abaze ibibazo bisobanutse nka, "byagenze bite nyuma?" Irinde ibibazo bitangirana na W (ninde, aho cyangwa impamvu) kandi ntubaze ibibazo byingenzi. Subiramo ibyo umwana avuga hamwe no guhinduranya ikibazo kugirango umenye neza ko wumva umwana neza. Ntugasezeranye umwana ko amakuru azabikwa ibanga kandi ntagusezerane mugihe kizaza. Noneho KORA ubimenyeshe Ishami rya Serivisi ishinzwe abana hamwe na / cyangwa kubahiriza amategeko.
Uzakenera amakuru kugirango ukore raporo:
- Izina ry'umwana n'imyaka
- Aderesi aho umwana ashobora kuba
- Menyesha amakuru kubabyeyi / abarezi b'umwana
- Ubwoko bw'abakekwaho guhohoterwa
- Impamvu yo gukora raporo harimo ibimenyetso byihariye byo gufata nabi no kumenya niba biri mubice bikomeza
- Abandi bana murugo
- Izina ry'abakekwaho icyaha
- Niba umwana ari mu kaga ako kanya cyangwa adahari
- Izina, numero ya terefone na aderesi yumuntu utanga raporo
- Igihe umwana yamenyesheje ihohoterwa
Niba umwana adatanga byoroshye aya makuru ntukomeze kubaza cyangwa gukora iperereza. Kubikora birashobora kubangamira iperereza nyuma. Tanga ibyo ushoboye. Amategeko ya leta arasaba ko ufite amakenga yumvikana ko ihohoterwa ribaho. Ntukeneye kugira gihamya yo gukora raporo.
Bisaba ubutwari nicyizere kinini kugirango umwana agaragaze ihohoterwa. Ni ngombwa ko twizera kandi tugashyigikira abafite intege nke muri twe. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana rifite ingaruka mbi kandi zirambye. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka ndende ni:
Zimwe muri izo ngaruka ndende ni:
- Kwiheba nizindi miterere mibi
- Amaganya
- Inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge
- Imyitwarire yimibonano mpuzabitsina
- Imyitwarire ikaze
- Kurya nabi
- Indwara zidakira
- Ibitekerezo cyangwa kugerageza kwiyahura
Nubwo izi nizindi ngaruka mbi nyinshi, hariho ibyiringiro no gukira. Abana barashobora kwihangana. Niba ihohoterwa rishobora guhagarikwa hakiri kare kandi umwana akabona inkunga nubufasha bwumwuga bikenewe, izi ngaruka zirashobora kugabanuka cyane cyangwa gukumirwa.
Kubindi bisobanuro cyangwa ubufasha hamagara: